Trading Fundamentals

What is a Limit Order?

Learn how to control the exact price you pay or receive when buying or selling stocks.

Quick Answer

A limit order lets you set the maximum price you'll pay (when buying) or minimum price you'll accept (when selling). Unlike market orders, you have complete price control. The trade-off? Your order might not execute if the stock doesn't reach your price. For example: "Buy Tesla at $200 or less" or "Sell Apple at $185 or higher."

How Limit Orders Work

Buy Limit Order

You set the MAXIMUM price you'll pay

Stock: Microsoft trading at $380

Your order: "Buy 10 shares at $375 or less"

If price drops to $375: Order fills ✓

If price stays at $380: Order doesn't fill ✗

You're telling the market: "I want this stock, but only if I can get a good deal"

Sell Limit Order

You set the MINIMUM price you'll accept

Stock: Apple trading at $180

Your order: "Sell 10 shares at $185 or more"

If price rises to $185: Order fills ✓

If price stays at $180: Order doesn't fill ✗

You're telling the market: "I'll sell, but only at a profit target"

Limit Order Benefits

✓ Price Protection

Never pay more than you want. You set $100 limit, worst case you pay $100 (often less). With market orders, you might pay $105 in a volatile market.

✓ Buy the Dip Strategy

Set limit orders below current price to automatically buy if stock drops. Example: Stock at $100, set limit at $95. If it dips, you catch it. If not, no harm done.

✓ Take Profit Automation

Set sell limit above current price. Stock hits your target, automatically sells. You don't need to watch the market 24/7.

✓ Avoid Emotional Trading

Decide your price when you're calm, not in the heat of the moment. Order executes automatically at your predetermined price.

When Orders Fill vs Don't Fill

✓ Order Will Fill When...

  • Buy limit: Ask price drops to or below your limit
  • Sell limit: Bid price rises to or above your limit
  • High liquidity: Lots of buyers/sellers at your price level
  • Reasonable limit: You're not asking for an unrealistic price

✗ Order Won't Fill When...

  • Price never reaches your limit: Stock trends opposite direction
  • Low liquidity: Not enough shares available at your price
  • Too aggressive: Asking $50 when stock is $100 (unrealistic)
  • Order expires: You set it for Day Only and market closes

Common Questions

What if the stock never hits my limit price?

Your order won't execute. That's the trade-off—you protect yourself from bad prices but risk missing the trade entirely. Solution: Set realistic limits close to current price, or use Good-Til-Cancelled (GTC) orders that stay active for 90 days.

Can I get a better price than my limit?

Yes! Limit is your worst-case price. If you set buy limit at $100 but sellers are willing to sell at $99, you'll get filled at $99. Limits are price ceilings (buy) or floors (sell), not exact prices.

What's the difference between Day and GTC orders?

Day Order: Expires at 4pm ET if not filled. You need to resubmit tomorrow.
GTC (Good-Til-Cancelled): Stays active up to 90 days or until you cancel it. Most investors use GTC for limit orders.

Should I use limit orders for every trade?

For liquid stocks during normal hours, either works. Use limits when: trading illiquid stocks, after-hours, large positions, or when you're not in a rush. Use market orders when you need immediate execution.

Key Takeaways

  • Limit orders give you price control—set maximum buy or minimum sell price
  • Order only fills if stock reaches your limit price (or better)
  • Trade-off: price protection vs risk of missing the trade
  • Use GTC (Good-Til-Cancelled) to keep orders active for up to 90 days
  • Best for: illiquid stocks, after-hours, patient traders, large positions

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